Purpose/Objectives: Teach student how to implement randomness into their code to make their code simulate real life situations.

In this lesson students will learn:

  • How to import random to python
  • How to use random with a list or number range
  • How to code randomness in everyday scenarios

ADD YOUR ADDITIONAL NOTES HERE:

What are Random Values?

Random Values are a number generated using a large set of numbers and a mathematical algorithm which gives equal probability to all number occuring

Each Result from randomization is equally likely to occur Using random number generation in a program means each execution may produce a different result

What are Examples of Random outputs in the world? Add a few you can think of.

  • Ex: Marbles

Why do we need Random Values for code?

Random values can be used in coding: 

import random
random_number = random.randint(1,100)
print(random_number)

49

def randomlist():
    list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "blueberry"]
    element = random.choice(list)
    print(element)
randomlist()

blueberry

Real Life Examples: Dice Roll

import random
for i in range(3):
    roll = random.randint(1,6)
    print("Roll " + str(i + 1) + ":" + str(roll))

Roll 1:1
Roll 2:5
Roll 3:5

Challenge #1

Write a function that will a simulate a coinflip and print the output

import random
def coinflip():
    list = ['Heads', 'Tails']
    x = random.choice(list)
    print(x)

coinflip()
coinflip()

Heads
Tails

Royal Flush (Extra)

EXTRA: Create a function that will randomly select 5 playing Cards and check if the 5 cards are a Royal Flush

import random
suits = ['Spades', 'Diamonds', 'Clubs', 'Hearts']
cards = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8','9', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A']
royals = ['J', 'Q', 'K', 'A']
group = []
for i in range(4):
    i = random.randint(0,3)
    j = random.randint(0,10)
    x = (cards[j], 'of ' + suits[i])
    group.append(x)
random.shuffle(group)

count = 0
for x, y in group:
    if x in royals:
        count = count + 1
    else:
        count = count

if count == 5:
    print('Royal flush!')
else: 
    print("No royal flush, better luck next time")
    

print(group)

No royal flush, better luck next time
[('9', 'of Spades'), ('Q', 'of Diamonds'), ('8', 'of Diamonds'), ('5', 'of Hearts')]

Homework (and hexa decimal extra1)

Given a random decimal number convert it into binary as Extra convert it to hexidecimal as well.

import random
num = random.randint(1,100)
def convert(num):
    if num >= 1:
        convert(num // 2)  
    print(num % 2, end = '') 

print("Binary of num " + str(num) + " is:", end=" ")
convert(num)

Binary of num 93 is: 01011101
import math
import random

num = random.randint(1,100)
def DecimalToBinary(num):
    strs = ""
    while num:
        # if (num & 1) = 1
        if (num & 1):
            strs += "1"
        # if (num & 1) = 0
        else:
            strs += "0"
        # right shift by 1
        num >>= 1
    return strs[::-1]
 

def dectohex(N):
    hexlist = []
    while N > 0:
        hex = N %16
        N = N // 16
        if hex < 10:
            hexlist.append(hex)
        elif hex == 10:
            hexlist.append('A')
        elif hex == 11:
            hexlist.append('B')
        elif hex == 12:
            hexlist.append('C')
        elif hex == 13:
            hexlist.append('D')
        elif hex == 14:
            hexlist.append('E')
        elif hex == 15:
            hexlist.append('F')
    print(hexlist)

print(num , " in hexadecimal is: ")
bin = int(DecimalToBinary(num))
dectohex(bin)


    

84  in hexadecimal is: 
[4, 'B', 9, 6, 'F']

Unit 3.14 Libraries Lesson

Here is our lesson about libraries!

Purpose: Help students streamline and make their coding experience easier through built in packages and methods from a library
Objective: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to fluently use methods from the turtle and math packages, and be able to look up documentation for any python package and us it.

fill in the blanks!

Libraries

Okay, so we've learned a lot of code, and all of you now can boast that you can code at least some basic programs in python. But, what about more advanced stuff? What if there's a more advanced program you don't know how to make? Do you need to make it yourself? Well, not always.

You've already learned about functions that you can write to reuse in your code in previous lessons. But,there are many others who code in python just like you. So why would you do again what someone has already done, and is available for any python user?

Packages allow a python user to import methods from a library, and use the methods in their code. Most package come with documentation on the different methods they entail and how to use them, and they can be found with a quick google search. methods are used with the following:

Note: a method from a package can only be used after the import statement.

Some methods are always installed, such as those with the list methods which we have previously discussed. But others require a special python keyword called import. We will learn different ways to import in Challenge 1.

Sometimes we only need to import a single method from the package. We can do that with the word "from", followed by the package name, then the word "import", then the method. This will alllow you to use the method without mentioning the package's name, unlike what we did before, however other methods from that package cannot be used. To get the best of both worlds you can use "*".

To import a method as an easier name, just do what we did first, add the word "as", and write the name you would like to use that package as.

Challenge 1: Basic Libraries

  1. Find a python package on the internet and import it
  2. Choose a method from the package and import only the method
  3. import the package as a more convenient name.

Extra Notes

  • libraries need to be installed or imported before being used
  • Packages allow user to import methos from a library
  • Libraries come with documentation (like a guide to their syntax)
import random as rd
print(rd.randint(1,5))

from random import randint
randint(1,5)

from random import randint as ri
ri(1,5)

from random import *
print(randint(1,5))

3
2

Challenge 2: Turtle

Turtle is a python __ library which allows you to draw all kinds of different shapes. It's ofter used to teach beginning python learners, but is really cool to use anywhere. Turtle employs a __ __ to display what you've done, but unfortunately it's kind of annoying to make work with vscode.
Use: repl.it
Click "+ Create", and for language, select "Python (with Turtle)"
Documentation
Task: Have fun with turtle! Create something that uses at least 2 lines of different lengths and 2 turns with different angles, and changes at least one setting about either the pen or canvas. Also use one command that isn't mentioned on the table below(there are a lot). Paste a screenshot of the code and the drawing from repl.it

Commands
forward(pixels)
right(degrees)
left(degrees)
setpos(x,y)
speed(speed)
pensize(size)
pencolor(color)

Note: Color should be within quotes, like "brown", or "red"

from turtle import *
oogway = Turtle()

import turtle
turtle.bgcolor('light blue')

turtle.speed(2)

for i in range(20):
  turtle.circle(3*i)
  turtle.circle(-3*i)
  turtle.left(i)

Challenge 3: Math

The math package allows for some really cool mathematical methods!

methods Action
ceil(x) _input decimal number, returns the next highest integer__
floor(x)_ rounds to largest intefer less than or equal to x
factorial(x) returns the factorial_
gcd(x,y)_ returns the greatest common denominator of x and y, cant be decimals
lcm(x,y) returns least common multiple
Challenge: Create a program which asks for a user input of two numbers, and returns the following:
  • each number rounded up
  • each number rounded down
  • the lcm of the rounded down numbers
  • the gcf of the rounded up numbers
  • the factorial of each number
  • something else using the math package!
    Documentation 
from math import *
x = input("Insert your first number:")
y = input("Insert your second number:")
xfloat = floor(float(x))
yfloat = floor(float(y))
xceil = ceil(float(x))
yceil = ceil(float(y))
gcdv = gcd(xfloat, yfloat)
xfac = factorial(xfloat)
yfac = factorial(yfloat)
print('Each number rounded down:', xfloat ," and ", yfloat)
print('Each number rounded up:', xceil ," and ", yceil)
print('GCD:', gcdv)
print('Each numbers factorial :', xfac ," and ", yfac)

Each number rounded down: 2  and  7
Each number rounded up: 3  and  8
GCD: 1
Each numbers factorial : 2  and  5040

Homework: Putting it all together(complete only after the random values lesson)

Option 1: Create a python program which generates a random number between 1 and 10, and use turtle to draw a regular polygon with that many sides. As a hint, remember that the total sum of all the angles in a polygon is (the number of sides - 2) * 180. Note: a regular polygon has all sides and angles the same size. Paste a screenshot of the code and the drawing from repl.it

Option 2: use the "datetime" package, and looking up documentation, create a program to generate 2 random dates and find the number of days between

Extra ideas: customize the settings, draw a picture, or something else!

import turtle
import random

turtle.bgcolor('light blue')
x = random.randint(3,10)
print(x)
length = 15


for i in range(x):
  turtle.forward(length)
  turtle.right(360/x)
  turtle.forward(length)